Engine.



No. 822,322. PATENTED JUNE 5, 1906.

- E. THOMSON & A. A. BALL, JR.

ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 19, 1902.

6 SHEBT S-SHEET 1,

FigJl.

(Dibnesses: v I In OenbO S.

- Elihu Thomson,

MW- JqugusbuSflJBaILJr',

No. 822,322. PATENTED JUNE 5, 1906. E. THOMSON & A. A. BALL, JR.

ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 19, 1902.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

(Dibnesses: IruJenboPS.

Elihu Thomson aqugusbusfi.l3all,dr M4 Z By MMa t-B No. 822,322. PATENTED JUNE 5, 1906.

E. THOMSON & A. A. BALL, JR.

ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 19, 1902.

e SHEETS-SHBET 3.

MM Elihu 'l"l'wczrrvwsorw,

. I 1 v I No. 822,322. PATENTED JUNE 5, 1906. E. THOMSON & A. A. BALL, JR.

ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 19, 1902.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

Elihu Thomson, pqggustusfi.Bau,

B, M24; p w

tively unskilled persons.

UNITED STATES PATENT ()FFIUE.

ELIHU THOMSON, OF SWAMPSCOTT, AND AUGUSTUS A. BALL, JR.,

OF LYNN, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNORS, BY DIRECT AND MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, TO GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY, A CORPORA- Specification of Letters Patent.

ENGBNE.

Patented June 5, 1906.

implication filed May 19, 1902- Serial No. 107,915-

To all whom it may concern Be it known that we, ELIHU THoMsoN, residing at Swampscott, and AUGUSTUS A. BALL, Jr., residing at Lynn, county of Essex, State of Massachusetts, citizens of the United States, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Engines, of which the following is a'specification.

The present invention relates to fluid-pressure en ines, and more especially t9 those designed or automobiles.

It is important that engines of this class be so arranged that they may be taken down wholly or'in part and reassembled by rela- The parts should be simple in'construction and of such a na- ,the cylinder or cylinders and the exhaustture that repairs thereon can be made in an ordinary machine-sho and by the average .mechanic. It is furt ermore highly desirable to so arrange the parts that the engine as a whole is divided into sections, since by so doin the highly-heated parts may be prevented rom imparting their heat to the bear ings, and such a construction also permits using materials of different specific gravity,

strength, and physical properties. Again, this separation has the advantage of preventing any distortion of the parts, which is lia; ble to occur where superheated steam is used, and the crank-case and moving parts are more or less subjected to the heat from steam. It is also of importance to inclose the working parts in such manner that they may be continuously lubricated, and this Without thought on the part of the operator. Another important feature is to provide meansfor supporting the engine and securing the parts together, so that the alinement is at all times preserved bothwith respect to the parts of the engine and also with respect to the shaft or shafts driven thereby.

The object of our invention is to provide an engine havin the desirable features above I mentioned, whi e eliminating the objections which are found in the commercial engine of to-day. For a description of what We consider to be novel and our invention attention is called ,to the description and claims apresent an embodiment'of our invention, Figure 1 is a plan view of a four-cylinder single- I acting engine with certain of the parts in section. Fig. 2 is a transverse section as viewed from underneath. Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section. Fig. 4 is a side elevation with certain of the parts in section. Fig. 5 is a crosssection taken on line 5 5 of Fig. 3. Fig. 6 is an end elevation viewed from the cylinder end with certain of the parts in section. Fig.

tial end view of the crank, apart of the inclosing case having been removed. Fig. 9 is a cross-section showing the means employed to actuate the valve mechanism. Fig. 10 is a detail view of the means em loyed to lubricate the connecting-rod, an Fig. 11 is a side elevation of one of the cam-shaft bush- Referring more particularly to Figs. 1 and 2, the reference-numerals 1 and 2 represent side plates or supports which hold the parts of the engine together, as will hereinafter appear. It is desirable, although not necessary, to make these side plates out of steel and to extend them, as shown at 3, to form supports for the engine. In the case of a vehicle-these extensions are bolted or otherwise secured to the frame, which frame may be independent of the vehicle-body or form a part thereof, as is desired. The present embodiment of our invention illustrates a four-cylinder single-acting engine but it is to be understood that many ofthe features are applicable to engines having one or a lurality of cylinders.

Inor er to avoid undue heating of the working arts and also to take the strains off of the cyiinder and preserve the alinement of the parts, we prefer to form the cylinders in a separate piece and to secure them to the side frames 1' and 2 by bolts 4. The cylinders may be cast in a single unit or made separately and pro erly bolted together. In order to reduce t e strain of the bolts and prevent the parts from getting out of alinement, projections 5 are provided on the cylinders, which extend on each side of the side plates and closely engage therewith, Formed integral with the cylinder or cylinders at one end- 7 is a detail sectional view of the intermediate bearing of.the crank-shaft. Fig. 8 is a par-.

ture, and thereby preventing distortion. Opposite each of the admission-valves is a screw-threaded plug 8, by means of which the valve may be inspected or removed. The end of each cylinder is provided with a hole for convenience in boring, which hole is normally closed by a screw-threaded plug 9. By removing the plug the interior of the cylinder may be inspected without disturbing the supports. The cylinders open at the lower end into a chamber formed in the transversely-extending piece 10. This piece is secured to the cylinders and forms a support for certain of the parts to be hereinafter described. It also excludes'air from the cylinder and prevents the cooling of the walls thereof and also of the piston. This contributes to prevent condensation of the steam, and hence increases the eificiency. In order to remove the cylinders for the purpose of inspection or repair, the valve-stems are unthe adjustments between the parts or rem'ov ing the engine from the vehicle. Formed integral with the cylinders is an extension 11, containing a chamber into which all of the cylinders exhaust through the openings 12. This extension, in addition to acting as an exhaust-carrying means, serves to hold the cylinders in fixed alinement.

It is to be notedthat the steam enters the cylinders at the outer end and passes toward the exhaust, the latter being located at the end adjacent to the crank-case. It will be seen that as the steam sweeps through the cylinders its temperature and pressure are gradually reduced. This arrangement tends to high economy in operation and also reduces the transmission of heat from the cylinder to the bearings. The latter action is further prevented by reason of the air-space or separation between the cylinders and the crank-case.

The cranks and guides are carried in a separate case, which is secured to the side plates 1 and 2 by the bolts 13. By separating the case, guides, and crank from t e cylinders we are enabled to keep the temperature of the parts at a low point. It also enables us to use materials of different specific gravity and physical properties for the case and the cylinder. For example, we find it desirable to make the cylinders out of cast-iron and the case out of aluminium, the latter being used on-account of its lightness and conductivity. The case is made in two principal parts 14 and 15, the former being bolted to the side plates, while the latter is detachable and is held in place by bolts 16, having slotted nuts. When it is desired to inspect the crank-shaft a sleeve on the projection of the transverselybearings, the end portion of the case can'be removed without disturbing any other portion of the en ine. A solid crank-shaft 17 is provided, an to this shaft are secured the connecting-rods 18. Extending longitudinally of the case 14 in a manner to divide it into two compartments is a partition 19, which carries an intermediate bearing for the crank-shaft. The bearing is made in two parts, "the detachable part being retained in place by bolts 20. Formed in the case 14 are guides for the cross-heads 21, and these guide are referably babbitted in order to decrease the riction of the moving arts and to facilitate renewal. The crossead 21 is preferably formed in one piece with the piston 22, as it avoids joints and decreases the number of parts. The'pis ton is provided With an suitable packing which will withstand hig tem eratures.

T e right-handend of the crank-case is provided With'flanged bushings 23, each having a screw-threaded central opening. The transversely-extending piece 10 is provided with a number of hub-like projections, each projection having a hole to receive the piston-rod and also the sleeve 24, which surrounds the rod and forms a packing therefor.

On each sleeve is a collar which engages with extending piece 10. The opposite end of the sleeve is screw-threaded, and enga%ing therewith is the threaded bushing 23. y adjusting the position of this bushing on the sleeve the crank-case and the cylinders may be held a fixed distance apart and held in rigid relation. It will be seen that the sleeves 24 have a double function-namely, that of a packing for the piston-rod and as separators for the cylinders and crank-case.

The crank case is intended to be more or less filled with lubricating material, and in order to eifectively lubricate the various bearings lubricant-carrying conduits are arranged on the inner wall of the case, a part of these conduits being formed on'the cover or detachable portion of the case, the remainder on the fixed portion. In carrying out this feature ribs or projections 25 are formed integral with the case, each of which is grooved in a manner to catch the lubricant as it is splashed around, due to the rotation of the cranks. The grooves or conduits are so arranged that they deliver oil to the cranksha t and its intermediate bearings 26, Fig. 8, and also to theend bearings 29, which are mounted in that portion of the plates 2 having a greater cross-sectional area than the extensions. Additional means are also provided for lubricating the bearing between the connecting-rod and the crank -shaft. This is clearly shown in Fig. 10, wherein 18 represents the connecting-rod, 17 the crank, 15 the crank-case, and 30 a tube which extends through the bearing-sleeve. 7 As the crank s, substan- 65 surning that a coupling is tween the jaws, in w 'ch e that the upper ends oi the jaws W1 r machine, he back, the hen the coupling i k elt or chain jaws f r gripping; tween th 'aws thel tter w' t e or ell-t be, pivo e stantialiy square or in th 1r no m sup rtingmernbersupon which 70 and that w en the ouphn, e o chains ar ounted, antithe jaws hel tter is h ll ('0 reduci g frictio between posite direction. th tings supp i a where an 10 capable of ad us a t c.nse nk be ts or c and dices conments or inequalities n w 'chs 'd tii'Tiction-ro ears pip nd ls to inch 1 stantially a. escri e tions of the pipe e are arv wella h'neflhecombinat on each instance the will ipe or well-tube, i as adapted to taini s f ll bearin r ti tate said pip 1' Y t he and per tact wit r the p p r w oautomatcally tee downw'arc 8r. in -jaws thus constructed l gs to s id ia s, when sh in l for adjustment in ny sui p ble i y siding in rder to si 0 ntin pli other enlargement to n the iaws, hstantiaiiv as (16' (J5 combination for example, by

the tur t ble a ary well-machine,

- ell-tube, endlessl r11 heit retate the i: a suitable pipe or 14 d to grip am devices for causing supported t rnov y h pip cr aws adapts ll-tube, suitable suppertir ted ani arranged to r"; 1" r1 backing" rotate the pipe.

l drilling act 0 cures the desire end of the pipe or well-tube, an

on the endless link belt or ing action goes chain aws travel on their bearin and per 0 mit the pipe to r'eed o sink g ually down 5 ward. What l claim as my 1. A rotary we no e rolls, said said mountings or supporting r k belts which grip the 1 substantial y as described. 2. in a rotary well-machine,the corn formed of en are moun ed, antifrict tween said chains orlink belts an sai ings or su orting ers, and endless conuahti s i. he 55 nectors adapted and arranged to connect an tube, substantially as descri carry said antifriction-rolls, substantially as arotaryw ll achine,th rnbinat descri o of a suitable pipe or well-tu e, plurality 3 lnarotary well-machine,the combination rippin -ia provided with endless of endless link belt or chain iaws adapted to belts or chains, rem vable biting or weal 60 rip and rotate th pi e or well-tube, and piv ieces rnount l upon said chains or link in oted mountings or supporting members upon and adapted o bi enga e the pip which said chains are mounted and springs well-tube" and a rotary turn-table upon w backing saie ounting, the pivots of said said jaws are adiustably monnted,substan supportin members permitting as descri e mountings or valve 65 is of the puppet type and is arranged bearings for the crank-shaft mounted on the cover and uncover the opening, leading means and extensions ons i into the cylinder. is positively opened the engine can be hung from a vehicle-frame.

and closed but by reason of the spring 68 it 2. n an engine, the combination of a cyl- 5 can open and relieve the compression wheninder,.a crank-case which is separated from i r by an airspace, separators for he action of the valve mechanism is as l holding the crank-case and cylinder at a fixed follows: Assuming that the parts are in the distance apart, plates which are bolted to position sho n in Fi s. 1 as e c s and extend beyond both the crank-case and i0 46 and 47 are revolved the a 0 is in v d cylinder, nd eans for detachably ecuring y the cam-roller 62 first in on direction, e rank-case and cylinder to the plate en in the other, thus imparting longitudi- 3. 11 an engine, the combination of a cylnal movement to the valve-rod 64. As the inder, cross-hea guides which rod moves to the right the valve 65 is lifted, om he cylinder by an air-space, p ates to 1 owing to the engagement between the two which the cylinder and guides are detachably parts of the rod or stem within the holder secured, having a greater cross-sectional area hen the rod is moved in the opposite in proximity to the crank-shaft for receiving e bearings, bearings supported on the on tie r d does not exceed that of the sp in plates, and extensions on the plates bymeans 20 e two parts f the rod ove together; but of which the engine is supported.

as soon as the valve 65 is seated the remain ii an engine, the combination of a crank, a casing therefor, a cylinder which is separated therefrom by an air-space, a pair 0 oppositely-disposed plates to which the caseand cylinder are detachablysecured, and 0 earings for the crank-shaft that are carried to the valve-operating rollers 62 the admisates.

sion and cut-off of the steam to the cylinders can be varied. This shifting of the cams is 0 accomplished by means of the lever 53, which cylinder-section. and the other a cross-head may be under the control of an automatic and crank-shaft section that is entirely governor or may be governed manually, as closed a pair of o positely-di lposed plates vided into two parts, one part consisting of a occasion demands. The particular engine s own being more especially designed for au- 5 tom0bile-work wherein it is desirable to operate at different speeds, the shifting of the cams through the cage 50 is accomplished by a s the a inement oft e parts, separators for holding the sections a fixed d1stance apart, and extensions formed on the plates by means of which the engine is sup- 6. In an engine, the combination of a cylinder, a piston, a rod therefor, a crank-case, a

e which surrounds the rod and acts as a separator for the cylinder and crank-case material. Lubricant may be admitted to t e case by removing the screw-threaded a se :ation, Serial N 0. 158,565, filed May 25, 19 53.

n accordance with the provisions of the surrounds the rod and acts as a separator n 5 atent statutes we have described the prinand also as a packing, a crank-shaft and beariple of operation of our invention, together ing, a detachable piece containing a chamber ith the apparatus which we now consider to present the best embodiment thereof; but which carries the axlebearing and unites the a desire to have it understood that the apvratus shown is only illustrative and that or the engine a invention can be carried out by other nan engine, the combinationofa crosseans. head guide, a cylinder, a detachable piece What we claim as new, and desire to secure containing a chamber which opens nto the Letters Patent of the United States, is cylinder, the guide and detachable piece bei2 5 11 engine which is divided into two ing separated by an air-space, and a pair of ts, with an air-space between, the cylinplates for rigidly uniting the parts. i being in one part and the crank in the 9. In an engine, the combination of two or er, means for uniting the parts and mainmore integrally-forined cylinders, a chaming a fixed separation, a crank-shaft, bored projection formed thereon which acts 13 also to receive the exhaust.

as a brace and also to receive the exhaust, a crank-case, separators between the cylinders and the case, and side plates to which thecylinders and case'are detachably secured.

10. In a single-acting engine, the combinaw tion of two or more cylinders which have exhaust-ports at one end and are 0 en at the other, a transversely-extending lece which closes in the cylinders, piston-r0 s extending throu h the piece, cross-head guides, separators W 'ch hold the guides at a fixed distance from the cylinder, and side plates which unite the cylinders and the uides.

11. In an en ine, the com ination ofa lu rality of cylin ers, a steam-chest forme integral therewith which acts as a brace for one end, orts opening-from the chest into the cylin ers, and a chambered projection formed on the opposite end of the cylinders which acts as a brace for the said end and i 12. In an en ine, the combination of a plurality of cylin ers which are 1" idly united,

the outer cylinder being provide with slotted projections, a closed crank case, and a air of side plates which pass through said s ots bearing, and side plates W ich unite the cyltinder and case and also support the outer ends of the crank-shaft.

14. A single-acting engine comprising a piston, a cylinder therefor which is open at one end, a crank-casing su ported in'alinement with the cylinder an separated from the open end thereof by an air-space, and

means covering the open end of the cylinder for reventing air from cooling the piston and .wal s of the cylinder.

In witness whereof we have hereunto set our hands this 16th day of May, 1902.

ELIHU THOMSON. AUGUSTUS A. BALL, JR.

Witnesses: I 1 JOHN G. CALLAN, DUGALD McK. McKILLoP. 

